Ingles VI

Los  tag questions  son pequeñas frases o preguntas ( mini-questions ) que se colocan al final de una oración afirmativa o negativa y que generalmente tienen como objetivo confirmar o negar el contenido de la frase misma. Es el equivalente al  ¿verdad? español o al  ¿no?  más utilizado en países de América. Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO:  aren't you? isn't he? isn't she? isn't it? aren't we? aren't you? aren't they?  Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos: It's a beautiful day,  isn't it?   (Es un día hermoso, ¿no?) Martha is angry,  isn't she?   (Marta está enojada, ¿verdad?) You are really tired,  aren't you?   (Estás muy cansado, ¿no?) They're very nice people,  aren't they?   (Son personas muy agradables, ¿no?) You are coming tomorrow,  aren't you?   (Vas a venir mañana, ¿verdad?) Pedro's flying now,  isn't he?   (Pedro está volando en estos momentos, ¿no?) Se util...

We use modal verbs to say how sure we are about something. 1 must We use  must  when we feel sure that something is true because there’s very strong evidence. He must live near here because he comes to work on foot.  We don’t know where he lives but we’re sure it’s not far away. Come inside and get warm – you must be freezing out there. You’re a zookeeper? That must be very interesting. Notice that  must  is followed by an infinitive without ‘to’. 2 might, may, could We use  might ,  may  or  could  to say that we think something is possible but we’re not sure. Did you hear that? I think there might be a burglar downstairs.  She’s not sure there’s a burglar but she thinks it’s possible. We’ll try to get there early but we may arrive late if there’s a lot of traffic. Don’t put it up there. It could fall off and hit someone. Might ,  may  and  could  are also followed by an infinitive without ‘to’. 3...

If + Past Perfect, would have + past participle If you  had studied  all of these grammar pages, you  would have passed  the exam. You can not alter or change the past. You didn't study in the past (something you cannot change now) so you didn't pass the exam. It is an imaginary situation that didn't happen. If you had been more careful, you wouldn't have had an accident. If I had seen you, I would have said hello. If he had asked me, I would have helped him. If you had studied , they would have passed the exam. If I had known , I wouldn't have done that. Notice how this tense can be used to say that you regret doing something or when you are telling someone off (reproaching someone). This type of conditional can also be used when making excuses. We can also change the word order of the sentence... Would have + If + past perfect You  would have passed  the exam if  you had studied  all of these gramm...

REPORTED QUESTIONS 1.       El verbo cambia como en ‘reported speech’. 2. Siempre se pone el sujeto antes del verbo en ‘reported questions’ y nunca se usa el auxiliar do/does/did. Ej: ·          What did you do yesterday? ·          He asked me what I had done yesterday. 3. En yes/no preguntas se usa if o whether Ej: ·          Are you Spanish? ·          He asked me if I was Spanish. ·          Do you live here? ·          She asked me whether I lived here. 4. No se pone la puntuación ‘?’ en reported questions. 5. Se usan las palabras where, when, who, what, which, why, whose en reported questions sin el verbo auxiliar. Ej: ·          Where d...

DIRECT SPEECH (El estilo directo) Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por palabra. ·          “I am going to London next week,” ·          “Do you have a pen I could borrow,” REPORTED SPEECH (El estilo indirecto) El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”. Nota: Ten en cuenta también que las expresiones de tiempo cambian en el estilo indirecto. Direct Speech Reported Speech ...

ed and –ing adjectives Adjectives that end ‘-ed’ (e.g. ‘ bored ’, ‘ interested ’) and adjectives that end ‘-ing’ (e.g. ‘ boring ’, ‘ interesting ’) are often confused. - ed adjectives Adjectives that end ‘-ed’ describe emotions – they tell us how people feel about something. ·          I was very bored in the maths lesson. I almost fell asleep. ·          He was surprised to see Helen. She’d told him she was going to Australia. -ing adjectives Adjectives that end ‘-ing’ describe the thing that causes the emotion – a boring lesson makes you feel bored. ·          Have you seen that film? It’s absolutely terrifying. ·          I can’t eat this! It’s disgusting! What is it? Remember that people can be  boring  but only if they make other people feel  bored . ·     ...

Causatives: Have and Get We use a causative verb when we want to talk about something that someone else did for us or for another person. It means that the subject caused the action to happen, but didn't do it themselves. Maybe they paid, or asked, or persuaded the other person to do it. For example, we can say: ·          I cleaned my house. (This means I cleaned it myself). If I paid someone to clean it, of course I can say: ·          A cleaner cleaned my house. But, another way is to use a causative construction. So I can also say: ·          I had my house cleaned. In a sense, using a causative verb is similar to using a passive. The important thing is that the house is now clean. We don't focus on who did the cleaning. Have + object + past participle (have something done) We usually use 'have something done' when we are talking about paying s...